… We sought randomized controlled trials and prospective cohort studies in which epidural
analgesia was compared with parenteral opioids in labor. Cohort studies were used (1) only if …

… We aimed to clarify whether the short-term adverse neonatal outcomes associated with
epidural analgesia are due to the epidural analgesia itself or to the instrumental delivery. …

… Fetal oxygenation is not affected by analgesic method; however, neonates whose mothers
… epidural analgesia require more naloxone and have lower Apgar scores. Epidural analgesia …

… , the women who were administered epidural analgesia delivered at later gestational weeks
… vaginal delivery compared with the women who were not administered epidural analgesia. …

… In this controlled comparison of the long term effects of epidural and non-epidural analgesia
… randomised study design, the objective measures of outcome, and the high follow up rate. …

… This research is part of the Management and Outcomes of Childbirth PORT, which is supported
by a contract to RAND (AHCPR 282-900039) from the Agency for Health Care Policy and …

… delivery or instrumental vaginal delivery for women receiving early epidural analgesia at
cervical dilatation of 3 cm or less in comparison with late … has benefits for delivery outcome. …

… outcome of labour in women with effective epidural analgesia in terms of duration of labour,
mode of delivery and neonatal outcome. Methods: This was a quasi-experimental study …

… (‘propensity score’) using logistic regression with epidural analgesia as the outcome variable
and age group, country of birth, parity, gestational age, birthweight, marital status, smoking …

… From the debate on the use of analgesia and on its effect on labor and on delivery outcome,
… who have epidural analgesia during labor are more likely to require a cesarean delivery. …