… stakeholders, they all have similar interests in what the clinical trial estimands should be.
Broadly, these can be classified into estimands addressing (a) lack of adherence to treatment …

… effects in clinical trial practice is essential, and estimands 1,2 … Nevertheless, the distinction
of different estimands is not … clinical trial data, some observations needed for an estimand are …

… paper consider estimands in the context of randomized clinical trials, the estimand concept
… Estimands are naturally incorporated within the framework of causal inference, for example, …

… causal inference in observational and clinical trials, and to capitalize on those … estimands
and addressing ICEs in the clinical trials context. Using the PO framework to define estimands …

… to examine considerations for choosing estimands using three focus estimands. These three
are not the only estimands of interest in clinical trials. For example, an estimand noted in the …

… clinical trial in patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus. In Section 4, we conclude this article
with a short discussion about the potential impact on statisticians involved in clinical trial …

… principles of statistical methodology in clinical trials. Addendum E9 (R1) … estimands and
sensitivity analyses. Since the release of E9 (R1), clinical trial protocols have included estimands…

… This paper provides detailed examples of estimand definitions in several clinical trial … R1)
draft addendum on “Estimands and Sensitivity Analysis in Clinical Trials.”This paper follows the …

… try to estimate from clinical trial data and how we can estimate those quantities. This book
provides details on how clear estimands lay a foundation for specifying aspects of trial design, …

… and because there are practical limitations in clinical trial execution, such as participants’ not
… estimand, is a formula or algorithm used to estimate the target quantity from the clinical trial …