… the favorable effects of estrogen on vascular structure, function, and cell signaling. Work …
by distinct forms of estrogen receptor (ER) α. This includes estrogen-stimulated rapid activation …

… The term “estrogen” … cell types [14]. Many steroidal and non-steroidal compounds bind to
ER and include natural and synthetic estrogens, phytoestrogens, selective estrogen receptor …

… estrogen receptors (ERs) acting in the cell nucleus. Two isoforms of ERs, ERα and ERβ,
have been identified so far. The specific role of the two receptors in the generation of estrogen's …

… Estrogens have been shown to exert significant benefits on the cardiovascular … of estrogen
receptors (ER) in mediating some of the cardiovascular beneficial actions of 17β-estradiol (E2)…

… Estrogen is active both on vascular smooth muscle and endothelial cells where functionally
competent estrogen receptors … cells where functionally competent estrogen receptors have …

… by a direct effect of E2 on vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). Therefore, a … receptor,
a ligand-activated transcription factor known to mediate E2-induced effects in nonvascular cells…

… Estrogen has numerous effects on vascular endothelial and smooth muscle cells, both of
which express estrogen receptors (… that estrogen-stimulated, ER-dependent cellular responses …

… of estrogen receptors (ER) in vascular tissues was originally demonstrated by specific binding
of estrogens to vascular cells. … appears to be a major direct target for estrogens. Indeed, …

… , and estrogen receptors have been demonstrated in endothelial cells from various vascular
… This review focuses on the regulatory function of estrogens in endothelial cell responses …

… Although estrogen receptors (ERs) are traditionally defined … in some of estrogen's beneficial
effects on vascular cells, we … cells (EC), and that engagement of this subset of receptors may …