… The significance of predictor variables was assessed using the change in model deviance
(distributed approximately χ 2 ). For British birds, we also identified which characteristics …

… birds is … , exotic species number is positively related to exotic species number for the entire
island/region. In local surveys the relative abundance of exotic birds compared to native birds …

… regard, and those for birds especially comprehensive. This … between establishment success
and characteristics of bird … to explain the variation in establishment success in birds. 4. We …

… importance in shaping the number of established birds when tested at a European extent …
the distribution of exotic bird richness in Europe. The richest hotspot of established exotic birds …

… exotic bird establishment success, even when we take into account the influence of propagule
pressure. First, there is variance in establishment … of the overall distribution of effect sizes …

… We used digitized parrot distributions to record the northern and southern limits of the
geographical range of each species, in degrees of latitude. From these, we calculated two …

… of exotic bird species introduced to, and established on, oceanic islands around the world to
test the hypothesis that exotic … of exotic species distributions, it is necessary to establish that …

… Another mechanism by which the number of individuals released might come to be correlated
with the probability of successful establishment would arise if species that were distributed …

… Our study provides evidence that the establishment and … studies recorded a similar suite
of exotic bird species to our study, … , although most exotic street trees and exotic birds were of …

… the distribution of localities with records of exotic species also through modifications of the
habitat, making them more prone to invasion and eventual establishment of exotic species. …