… to evaluate the effect on program comprehension of three factors … programmer expertise
(expert versus novice), programming task (… group we found that experts and novices differ in the …

… programmer and reaches maturity in the expert programmer. … , that of comprehension of
computer programs by novice … for novice programmers to Pennington's results for experts. …

… and their role in the expertise of computer program comprehension. After the elaboration of
the concepts of expertise and metacognition, expert and novice computer programmers are …

… According to our model, the expertise of subjects should affect the construction of the
situation model but not the construction of the program model, provided that our novices are …

… program comprehension theories and models to novice’s context is still challenging for many
researcher. As existing program comprehension models were meant for experts… fit novices. …

… Program comprehension is a complex problem solving process. We report on an … expert
programmers’ comprehension behavior in the context of modifying a complex PASCAL program. …

… because they are using a different program comprehension strategy than experts, as
suggested by Jeffries’s observations [4] of a different order of program reading among novices. A …

… since program comprehension plays an important role in the development of programming,
regardless of design or modification, programmers should start with program comprehension…

… novices and made the same changes as the other experts on one of the tasks. We refer to
novices by lowercase letters and experts … the program comprehension process and expertise …

… program comprehension neuroscientifically and also observe the differences between novice
and expert … during a series of program comprehension tasks. We found clear differences in …