… of 12–15-year-old adolescents had consumed fast food at least once in the past week,
while … fast food at least once per week; however, the mean frequency (per week) of fast-food …

… and consisted of seven low-income (n 12 462), twenty-seven lower middleincome (n 67
333), twenty upper middle-income (n 72 861) and fourteen high-income (n 27 508) countries …

… of fast food outlets, and frequency of fast food consumption in … in LMICs than in high-income
countries [3]. Furthermore, there … as SB and consumption of fast food or sugar-sweetened soft …

… intake of energy-dense foods; a major … fast food to adolescents in low and middle-income
countries (LMICs) acts as a barrier to global efforts to reduce the marketing of unhealthy foods …

… Age- and sex-adjusted prevalence of fast food consumption by country and country income
level was calculated using the proportions derived from the overall sample as the standard …

… of Gross National Income by country. The World Bank categories of high-income, high
middle income, low middle income and low-income countries were dichotomised into ‘high-income…

… Results Fast food consumption was related to fast food availability among low-income …
zoning restrictions on fast food restaurants within 3 km of low-income residents but suggest …

… Middle-income countries were oversampled, but there were at … income group: 8 (6 for
carbonated soft drinks and fast food) in low-income, 29 (26 for carbonated soft drinks and fast food) …

… , a fast food restaurant refers to food service outlets quickly serving inexpensive foods with
… indicated fast food restaurants were more prevalent in low-income areas compared with …

… Skipping breakfast and consuming ‘fast foods’ on the way to school or in the break seems to
… Too often, fast foods are introduced early in the weaning diet because they take little time or …