… We used the International Antiviral Society-USA drug resistance mutation list and the … drug
resistance categories: no pretreatment drug resistance, pretreatment drug resistance with fully …

… to INH and EMB was more frequent than to other first-line drugs. Analysis of the trend of
drug resistance at our center shows a significant increase in resistance to INH and EMB. Yet, …

… -1 drug resistance in the majority of patients failing the first-line … current and future second-line
treatment options. However, in a … drug resistance patterns observed after failure of first-line …

… In conclusion, new resistance mutations were detected in patients experiencing low-level
viremia during first-line ART. Those with higher VL during low-level viremia had a greater risk, …

… The former scenario describes the evolution of resistance that … drug resistance in the
case where an isolate had mutations in codons 505 and 511. Eleven phenotypically RIF-resistant …

… antimalarial drugs to the emergence of drug resistance became … However, the first reports of
insecticide resistance (to dieldrin) … Although it is unclear what has been the role of mass drug …

… in settings with a high degree of drug resistance, the WHO new-case classification should
… The main question raised by our results is whether a DOTS approach limited to first-line …

… a significant impact of NNRTI resistance on the effectiveness of first-line NNRTI-based ART
… drug resistance variants (>5%) in the effectiveness of first-line NNRTI-based ART regimens. …

… multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB), 671 (44.8%) were resistant to ≥1 second-line drugs (SLDs)…
%) to kanamycin; 69 (4.6%) were extensively drug-resistant TB (XDR-TB). Although from a …

… isolate was susceptible vs resistant to that drug. In secondary … used to define drug resistance
were as recommended, or … with first-line drugs, and previous treatment with second-line …