… with a resistant infection are less likely to have access to or be able to afford expensive
second-line treatments, which typically have more complex regimens than first-line drugs. …

… resistance and predicted drug susceptibility to NNRTIs and NRTIs after continued virological
failure on first-line … to adult care, we compared drug resistance rates and patterns in adults …

… , targeted HIV drug resistance testing for … drug resistance of 11% in patients on ART for
12–23 months, 15% at 24–36 months and 21% at >36 months [16]. The most common resistance …

… -resistant tuberculosis and 19 012 patients with drug-sensitive disease. The pooled rates of
failure or relapse, or both, and acquired drug resistance with all drug … -resistant tuberculosis …

… In conclusion, the degree and pattern of HIV drug resistance detected after prolonged
virological failure of first-line ART are likely to negatively impact future regimes containing NRTI …

… If the prevalence of resistance is high, then physicians will begin using secondline drugs
as … Chloroquine was the main antimalarial agent used for firstline treatment of malaria for …

… , laboratory, and program variables against drug resistance patterns, treatment, and outcomes…
We used multiple logistic regressions to compare outcomes by drug resistance pattern and …

… increasing prevalence of multi-drug resistant (MDR) bacteria, … microorganisms and therapeutic
failure, we analyzed the first … Multi-drug resistant (MDR) bacteria were isolated from the …

… for first-line drugs with a methodology (the resistance ratio method [RRM]) that had been
used in clinical trials, relating drug … (MPA) methodologies for second-line drug testing; and (iii) …

… of drug resistance. In summary, we found that the currently available first-line anti-tuberculosis
drugs … As many of these drugs were developed several decades ago, little research has …