… (BDNF), and insulin-like growth factor (IGF-1), among others. … growth factors that should be
used to maximize both brain … for growth factor therapies in treating different causes of brain …

… cytokines and other growth factors may influence the outcome of brain cells during
neurodegenerative diseases. However, because of the pleiotropic actions of these factors, the use of …

… Both hOECs/ONFs and endogenous homing stem cells enhanced neuroplasticity in the
rat and mouse ischemic brain. The up-regulation of SDF-1α and the enhancement of CXCR4 …

… growth factor-βs (TGF-βs) represent a large family of growth … growth factor-β antagonist
unmasks the neuroprotective role of this endogenous cytokine in excitotoxic and ischemic brain …

… angiogenic growth factors expressed in the ischemic brain, vascular endothelial growth factor
(… Below we summarize existing knowledge on the effects of VEGF in the ischemic brain. A …

Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) is a naturally occurring neurotrophic factor that plays an
important role in promoting cell proliferation and differentiation during normal brain …

… IGFBP-1 mRNA was not detected in the normal or ischemic brain at any point in this study
(data not shown). IGF-I mRNA was highly abundant and widely distributed throughout the …

… endothelial growth factor signaling. In this review, we focus on the role of the vascular
endothelial growth factor signaling pathway in the response to hypoxic/ischemic brain injury, and …

… and angiogenic growth factors increased in a post‐ischemia time‐… of growth and trophic
factors may be the key to the benefit provided by transplanted hMSCs in the ischemic brain. …

… and did not damage neurons of normal brains. In contrast… ischemic brains and damaged
neurons of normal brains. These findings suggest that in vivo neuroprotection of ischemic brains …