… , either alone or in concert with other risk factors. The pattern of heart failure risk factors is
likely to vary across world regions based on risk factor prevalence and quality of health care. …

… has been shown to double the risk of heart failure and smoking to increase it by about 50%.38
It is a sad fact that our improved understanding of these risk factors has not prevented an …

… (THESUS-HF) and INTER-CHF studies have reported that hypertensive heart disease is
an important risk factor for developing HF in Africa.11, 42 Furthermore, peripartum …

… represents the first cause of hospital admission in elderly persons in the western world and,
despite advances in medical and device therapy, it still has unacceptably high morbidity and …

… The number of people at high risk from cardiovascular disease … risk factors at all, and >70%
of at-risk individuals have multiple … The worldwide prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors is …

… with heart failure worldwide. In developed countries, the prevalence of known heart failure is
… of cardiovascular risk factors in absence of heart failure symptoms (also known as ‘stage A …

… Heart failure (HF) is a major public health issue with a current prevalence of over 5.8 million
in the USA and over 23 million worldwide. Every … We also highlight how identified risk factors …

… Excess adipose tissue in the truncal region is an important cardiovascular disease risk factor,
and it adversely affects blood pressure, cholesterol (total, HDL, and LDL), and triglyceride …

… Furthermore, as developing countries assume some of the more detrimental risk factors
for … Indeed, given this fact, the incidence of acute coronary events worldwide is sure to rise …

… the explosion of global CVD. In this paper, we describe the changes responsible for the
global epidemic of CVD, evaluate the contributions of various established risk factors, outline the …