ContextHigh-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) is a cardiovascular risk factor that is
gaining substantial interest as a therapeutic target. ObjectivesTo review the current and
emerging strategies that modify high-density lipoproteins (HDLs). Data SourcesSystematic
search of English-language literature (1965-May 2007) in MEDLINE and the Cochrane
database, using the key words HDL-C and apolipoprotein AI and the subheadings reverse
cholesterol transport, CVD [cardiovascular disease] prevention and control, drug therapy …

The clinical importance of low serum levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol is
often under-recognized and underappreciated as a risk factor for premature atherosclerosis
as well as for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Low serum levels of HDL are frequently
encountered, especially in patients who are obese or have the metabolic syndrome. In
prospective epidemiologic studies, every 1-mg/dL increase in HDL is associated with a 2%
to 3% decrease in coronary artery disease risk, independent of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) …