… Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic progressive disease of unknown cause
characterized by relentless scarring of the lung parenchyma leading to reduced quality of life and …

… links in the occurrence and development of pulmonary fibrosis. The M2-mediated … of
pulmonary fibrosis. M2 macrophages provide an important microenvironment for pulmonary fibrosis …

… , physicians, clinical and basic scientists, and the pharmaceutical industry to find definitive
treatments for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). As understanding of disease behavior and …

… In summary, drug discovery and development in IPF appear to be crowded areas and with
several challenges. The preclinical studies need to be better designed taking into account the …

… These failures highlight a number of issues, including our limited understanding of the
systems biology of pulmonary fibrosis, the inefficiency of current IPF trial design and endpoints, …

… The approval of pirfenidone and nintedanib has fueled IPF drug discovery and development.
New drugs are likely to reach the clinic in the near future. However, numerous challenges …

… provided essential insights into trial design, including patient selection and … drug therapy,
practical issues when applying RCT findings to an individual patient with IPF and trial design …

… lung disease characterized by dry cough, fatigue, and … use and those that appear
promising for future development. … , but hepatotoxicity may occur in rare cases and the drug is …

… Yet, clinical trials can be pursued, almost exclusively, by industry because of the enormous
financial investment and logistic network required for successful drug development. The last …

… Drug development programs have focused on mitigating several of these pathways and are
… Until recently, treatment options for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis were limited. Over the last …