… To estimate the burden of diarrhoeal diseases from exposure to inadequate water, sanitation
and hand hygiene in low- and middle-income settings and provide an overview of the …

… inadequate water, sanitation and hygiene behaviours and for the cluster of risk factors.
Uncertainty estimates were computed on the basis of uncertainty surrounding exposure estimates …

… The results show that inadequate water and sanitation are … according to the type of improved
water and sanitation implemented. … ‘Inadequate’ water and sanitation, as we define it for the …

… - and middleincome countries, linked to these exposures amounts to 502 000 deaths associated
with inadequate water and 280 000 deaths due to inadequate … to inadequate water and …

… income-level is a significant determinant of water quality and the odds of contamination are
2.37 times (95% CI 1.52–3.72 [p = 0.001]; Table 4) higher in low-income … and inadequate …

… in water carrying and summarize data about water access and … Women and children are
the most common water carriers, … household work when the water infrastructure is inadequate. …

… 71% of the included studies from Latin America were from Brazil, an upper-middle income
country. Studies from Nigeria accounted for almost half (48%) of the studies from Africa. …

… Inadequate water, sanitation and hygiene (WaSH) are known to be significant contributors
to physical disease in low and middle income … how different facets of water, sanitation and …

… We grouped the included studies into World Bank classifications by country income level (low-income
country, lower-middle-income country, and upper-middle income country). …

… Our findings that inadequate or unsafe water are perceived to introduce risk to infant health
through drinking, preparation of formula, and the cooking and serving of foods (ie, unclean, …