… knuckle-walking origin for human bipedalism, we suggest that the independent evolution of
… on the ground is a reasonable and likely evolutionary scenario. The increasing climatic and …

… been recruited independently relatively easily in … a knuckle-walking complex, then it seems
less likely that chimpanzees and gorillas would have evolved knuckle-walking independently. …

… carpal growth which cannot be accounted for by differences in postural and locomotor
behaviour may indicate the independent acquisition of knuckle walking in the African great apes. …

… Zoogeographical and anatomical evidence clearly documents independent evolution of
adaptations for suspensory posturing in South American ateline monkeys (4). Substantial …

… have involved fist-walking which later evolved into knuckle-walking. Orangutans continued …
adaptations to knuckle-walking, and therefore did not evolve through a knucklewalking stage. …

… This further indicates that knuckle-walking did not originate independently in Pan and Gorilla…
of knuckle-walking morphology in the earliest hominids indicates that bipedalism evolved …

… "stwalkers. The chimpanzee, when arboreal, climbs and brachiates for short distances and
on the ground, knuckle-walks … of its time on the ground as a knucklewalker. Man is basically a …

… 1) once in the gorilla lineage and 2) independently in the … knucklewalking works, and
the osteological and other anatomical adaptations to this form of locomotion. In “Knuckle-walking …

… knuckle-walking could have evolved independently in the African great apes, which would
imply an homoplasic evolution of … observed differences in knuckle-walking between these two …

… evolved from a knucklewalking ancestor. A number of researchers pointed to possible
retained knuckle-walking … Later, Pan and Gorilla evolved knuckle-walking independently as a …