… in pupil dilation. Studies show a diverging pattern with respect to the relationship between
pupil dilation and performance and we show how an effort account of pupil dilation can …

… potential for pupil diameter to provide a sensitive index of cognitive workload as an individual
learned two UAV tasks of increasing difficulty. The ultimate goal of this research effort is to …

… pupillary diameter increases as the task’s cognitive demand increases. In the present study,
we evaluated whether the pupillary diameter could distinguish cognitive effort … effort for each …

… Discussion The main objective of the present study was to analyze how pupillary responses
reflect mental effort and allocation of processing resources under various conditions of …

… tween pupil dilation and problem difficulty, ie, showing that pupil … suggested that pupil diameter
provided a “very effective index of … effort while high counts indicate strong cognitive effort. …

… notion that pupil dilation mirrors the cognitive effort involved in linguistic tasks. One clinical
implication of our findings is that pupil dilation may be used as a behavioral index of cognitive …

… needed more mental effort for speech perception in the … effort measures underlines the
importance of including measurements of pupil dilation as an independent index of mental effort …

… Another reliable index of cognitive load is pupillometry or the measurement of pupil dilation.
… First, listening effort in the present study was measured via pupil dilation rather than by a …

… We expected individuals to invest little effort for easy and impossible speech (giving up) but
to exert effort for difficult speech. Indeed, pupil size was largest for difficult but lower for easy …

… For the present purposes, we focus on the observed differences in pupil dilation, as we
believe that they accurately index underlying cognitive effort and predict future memory. Using …