… innate immune receptors and their unique downstream pathways have been identified. Here,
we summarize their roles in the innate immune response to … innate and adaptive immune …

… mechanisms constitute innate immunity. … responses. Cytokines released from leukocytes
and other cells exhibit a vast array of regulatory functions in both adaptive and innate immunity. …

… innate immunity will further improve our understanding of the complexities of innate immune
… understanding of innate immunity and facilitate the design of novel drugs that target PRRs. …

… immune system consists of two branches: the antigen-specific adaptive immune response
and the innate immune response … The adaptive immune response is relatively slow, is antigen …

… The features characteristic of PAMPs can be demonstrated by several well known
examples of microbial stimulators of innate immune responses. Thus, the general structure of …

… innate immune response is the first mechanism for host defense found in all multicellular
organisms. The innate immune … of the innate immune response: The innate immune response …

… innate control of adaptive immunity. In particular, we discuss how PRRs initiate adaptive
immune responses … cell responses, and highlight open questions that are still awaiting answers. …

… One can argue about the virtues of these two systems of host defense, but we believe the
main virtue of an innate immune system of host defense is its ability to respond rapidly and …

… In this review we examine the basic structure of the innate immune system and how innate
immunity interfaces with adaptive immune responses. We explore the role of innate immunity …

… or aberrant DNA and trigger an innate immune response. TLR9 is an endosomal membrane
… DNA and possibly aberrant host DNA leading to the activation of the innate immune system. …