… However, phenotypic traits do not vary … in the covariation of phenotypic traits has a long
history in evolutionary biology, dating back at least as far as Darwin's discussion of multi-trait …

… an integrated perspective to phenotypic plasticity of traits, taking into account covariation
among plastic responses of traits. … on the importance of integrated plasticity of traits for adaptive …

… covariation among traits through ontogeny. Here, we examine whether traits that are integrated
at the phenotypic … We micro-CT scanned two hard tissue traits, and two soft tissue traits (…

… Since that usage, however, trait covariation and integration have been used … trait covariation
among individuals in a population by distinguishing the effects of the type of phenotypic trait …

… At a macroevolutionary scale, patterns of morphological integration are assessed from
phenotypic data obtained from set of N species related by a phylogeny. To statistically evaluate …

… their phenotypic integration. We hypothesised that phenotypic integration of functional
traits should be the result of the optimisation in the expression of multiple traits as functional …

… covariance of genetically determined traits, however, there has been no comprehensive …
important to understand the causes of trait covariation expressed at the among-population …

… -based predictions of species responses because it explicitly considers how phenotypic
integration and intraspecific trait covariation can constrain organism fitness along environmental …

… However, phenotypic traits do not vary … in the covariation of phenotypic traits has a long
history in evolutionary biology, dating back at least as far as Darwin’s discussion of multi-trait …

… In complex phenotypes, covariation plays an even more important role, as genetic associations
between traits can bias and alter evolutionary change. Covariation can be shaped by …