… new phenotypic optimum. Local adaptation in the new environment occurs through the
accumulation and integration … favor the accumulation and integration of functionally useful plastic …

… a single common ancestor by phenotypic segregation into different ecological niches. Adaptive
… Thus, characteristics specific for originally separate phenotypes may be integrated into a …

… Through DNA methylation, the genome can integrate environmental signals and as a result,
these extrinsic signals can potentially directly modify the phenotype without changing the …

… to fluctuating environments by phenotypic plasticity and … ecological dynamics are not well
understood. Here, using mathematical modeling, we compared the advantages of phenotypic …

… Phenotypic flexibility may incur a selective advantage in changing and heterogeneous
environments, and is increasingly recognized as an integral aspect of organismal adaptation. …

… This constraint is phenotypic integration—the network of character correlations—and, to
our … of the ecological and evolutionary significance of phenotypic integration, which can be …

Ecologists are increasingly interested in predicting how intraspecific variation and changing
trait values impact species interactions and community composition. For many traits, much of …

… the constraints of plasticity and their ecological and evolutionary implications. Because costs
of … how organisms produce integrated, adaptive and environment-specific phenotypes is an …

… Studies of the phenotypic integration of plasticity … The correlative approach used to study
phenotypic integration has … than the other under different ecological circumstances, even if they …

… We define the spectrally integrated light intensity penetrating through a steady state …
competitive hierarchies, and can affect the species composition of ecological communities. …