The interactive effects of the antifouling herbicides Irgarol 1051 and Diuron on the seagrass Zostera marina (L.)

JC Chesworth, ME Donkin, MT Brown - Aquatic toxicology, 2004 - Elsevier
herbicide was determined and these then used in herbicide mixtures to assess their interactive
effects… Irgarol 1051 was found to be more toxic than Diuron with lowest observable effect

Single and interactive effects of the antifouling booster herbicides diuron and Irgarol 1051 on photosynthesis in the marine cyanobacterium, Arthrospira maxima

S Kottuparambil, S Lee, T Han - Toxicology and Environmental Health …, 2013 - Springer
… In this study, the effects of two widely studied antifouling herbicides on the photosynthetic
efficiency of A. maxima have been evaluated through modulated Chl a fluorescence …

Combined effects of antifouling biocides on the growth of three marine microalgal species

V Dupraz, S Stachowski-Haberkorn, D Ménard… - Chemosphere, 2018 - Elsevier
… Both methods used to predict interactive effects of mixtures gave similar results. … chemicals,
especially antifouling biocides. In this study, binary mixtures of antifouling biocides (including …

The interactive effects of binary mixtures of three antifouling biocides and three heavy metals against the marine algae Chaetoceros gracilis

A Koutsaftis, I Aoyama - Environmental Toxicology: An …, 2006 - Wiley Online Library
… ABSTRACT: Three of the most commonly used antifouling … of the interactive effects of the
antifouling biocides combined with … The interactive effects of the antifouling herbicides Irgarol …

Evaluation of single and joint toxic effects of two antifouling biocides, their main metabolites and copper using phytoplankton bioassays

G Gatidou, NS Thomaidis - Aquatic Toxicology, 2007 - Elsevier
… Diuron is a substituted-urea herbicide and has been in use since the 1950s. Predominantly,
Interactive effects were evaluated by comparing RI with 1. RI values >1 indicated synergism, …

Mixture Toxicity of the Antifouling Compound Irgarol to the Marine Phytoplankton Species Dunaliella tertiolecta

ME DeLorenzo, L Serrano - Journal of Environmental Science and …, 2006 - Taylor & Francis
<p>This study examined the toxicity of irgarol, individually and in binary mixtures with three
other pesticides (the fungicide chlorothalonil, and the herbicides atrazine and 2,4-D), to the …

Adverse Effect of Antifouling Compounds on the Reproductive Mechanisms of the Ascidian Ciona intestinalis

A Gallo, E Tosti - Marine Drugs, 2013 - mdpi.com
… In this work, we evaluated the influence of two antifouling biocides, tributyltin (TBT) and diuron,
… With different toxicity assays, we studied the effect of the two biocides on the gametes by …

Antifouling processes and toxicity effects of antifouling paints on marine environment. A review

I Amara, W Miled, RB Slama, N Ladhari - Environmental toxicology and …, 2018 - Elsevier
… toxic effects on the marine environment. The most commonly used biocides in antifouling
This paper provides an overview of the effects of antifouling biocides on aquatic organisms. …

Effects of antifouling biocides to the germination and growth of the marine macroalga, Hormosira banksii (Turner) Desicaine

JH Myers, L Gunthorpe, G Allinson, S Duda - Marine Pollution Bulletin, 2006 - Elsevier
… Diuron is widely used in Australia as a broad-spectrum residual pre- and post-emergent
herbicide. Diuron is also one of the most popular used antifouling paint biocides on the market, …

Toxicity of four antifouling biocides and their mixtures on the brine shrimp Artemia salina

A Koutsaftis, I Aoyama - Science of the Total Environment, 2007 - Elsevier
… urea-based herbicide employed principally for … effect of four organic antifouling biocides
ZPT, CPT, Chlorothalonil and Diuron alone on A. salina and to investigate the interactive effect