… in the oxidation of biological molecules such as lipids, proteins, and DNA. Oxidative stress
has been reported in kidney disease, … The kidney is a highly metabolic organ, rich in oxidation …

… in patients with suspicion of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Currently, … of kidney function
and eventually to end-stage renal disease. The course of CKD depends on the primary disease. …

… oxidative stress levels before the use of any anti‐oxidants therapies to optimize outcome. This
review describes the development of oxidative stress, … , the role of oxidative stress in CKD …

… of mortality is cardiovascular disease. One of the main novel risk factors is oxidative stress,
which occurs … Oxidative stress is involved in the progression of renal injury, pathogenesis of …

… Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of worldwide mortality not only in the
general population but also in individuals with chronic kidney disease (CKD). This increased …

… disease and CVD are associated with endothelial dysfunction, inflammation and oxidative
stress … CVD and chronic kidney disease, specifically focusing on the interconnections between …

… Significance: Intrarenal oxidative stress plays a critical role in the initiation and progression
of diabetic kidney disease (DKD). Enhanced oxidative stress results from overproduction of …

… It makes it impossible for the kidney to compensate for water–… leading to a further intensification
of oxidative stress. As a result, … This review aimed to show the role of oxidative stress and …

… disease or develops as a consequence of other primary pathogenic mechanisms. In the kidney,
… major contributors to the pathogenesis of diabetic kidney disease. In addition, a unifying …

Significance: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) can be regarded as a burden of lifestyle disease
that … chronic inflammation, oxidative stress, early vascular aging, and cellular senescence. …