… Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is one of the Global Health … not exhaustive revision of the
known unknowns about how to … they represent for surveillance, antimicrobial stewardship, and …

… For example, high antimicrobial use occurs in the agricultural environment, but we do not
know … of agricultural antimicrobial use to clinical AMR risk thus remains unknown. This lack of a …

… Since the start of the COVID-19 pandemic, there has been concern about the concomitant
rise of antimicrobial resistance. While bacterial co-infections seem rare in COVID-19 patients …

… unknowns”29, 30 is readily applicable to AMR surveillance.1 The known knowns are the
published … The known unknowns are the genes or sequence variants that may be present in the …

… The majority of the confusion has crept into literature when discussing the Known Unknowns
and the Unknown Knowns. This is where it is important for the term “cryptic” to be used …

… are now under threat from antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Here, we exclusively consider
resistance against antibiotics used to treat bacterial infections. Resistance is largely driven by …

… In patients with severe sepsis with unknown or unreported organisms, the present study
found a higher overall mortality than in patients with identified pathogens (36% vs 27%). There …

… Although the phenomenon of transposition has been known for over 60 years, its overarching
importance in modifying and streamlining genomes took some time to recognize. In spite …

… antibiotics select for resistance in numerous species of bacteria which then renders antimicrobial
treatment ineffective. Almost all countries face increased antimicrobial resistance (AMR)…

… major reasons behind the emergence of antimicrobial resistance. In addition, the … resistant
genes through horizontal gene transfer are significant contributors to antimicrobial resistance. …