… a label switched path (LSP) where each label switch router (LSR) makes forwarding decisions
based solely on the contents of the label. At … In the LFA backup path procedure, IP FRR …

… a rather large number of labels (eg, 60,000 in a backbone BGP label switch router). The data
… some infrastructure of train-lines is present, and that the route selection procedure is given. …

… procedures and messages by which Label Switched routers (LSR) establish Label Switched
… by mapping network layer routing information directly to data link layer switched paths. By …

… Multi Protocol Label Switching (MPLS) [1] is a flexible routing … to be divided between parallel
routes in order to avoid congesting … followed by the crossover procedure to obtain a basic …

… switched Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) with the ability of guaranteeing Quality of Service
(QoS). MPLS capable routers are called Label Switched Routers (… the routing procedure. …

… routed point-topoint path. This is accomplished by the concept of explicitly routed label switched
paths (… Failure notification is done using the notify procedures discussed earlier, or using …

… In this section we describe the features of a heuristic procedure for solving the routing model
described in the previous sections. This heuristic (HMOR-S2 or Hierarchical Multiobjective …

… routing” of the data unit, but in this article we use the term ‘fforwarding. ” Sometime label
switching; meaning no swapping of labels … , as well as defining the procedures for employing this …

… between MPLS switches routing packets based on a label and optical switches routing bits
… , such as a signaling procedure started, for example, by a label edge router or by a network …

… From previous sub sections, we can describe the proposed algorithm procedures as in …
We only need to run the procedure during the starting phase of the algorithm or whenever the …