… a planktotrophic larval stage once it is lost. I will present evidence for the oligomera indicating
that loss of a planktotrophic larval stage is usually irreversible, that feeding larvae have …

… -feeding larva or no larval stage results in large clades lacking a feeding larval stage and …
from benthic and planktonic predators, with loss from long distance transport of larvae possibly …

… So far we have focused attention on the factors which influenced the evolutionary loss of
a feeding larval stage. As we noted earlier, it is frequently difficult to separate the …

… to larval development, evolution and, ecology. The life history of many organisms includes
a larval stage that is … The evolution and loss of feeding larval stages of marine invertebrates. …

… rather than on the evolution of heterochronies and developmental … the evolutionary persistence
of facultative larval feeding as a … The evolution and loss of feeding larval stages of marine …

… by losses during a longer larval stage thus cannot be rejected by general observations on …
in this section ignore loss of larvae from favorable benthic habitat. This loss is an important but …

… The phylogenetic distribution of larval trophic modes indicates that the loss of larval
feeding has evolved many times and in a wide variety of phyla during the metazoan radiation. …

… which has apparently evolved a morphologically unique, lecithotrophic larva from a brooding
ancestor. The apparently biased tendency toward the loss of larval stages from life histories …

… Evolutionary loss of function in larvae is widespread. Inferences of a … larval stage and that
no lineage that had lost the larval structures reacquired them, then the free veliger stage was …

… nutrition, but because of the loss of complex feeding structures … taxa larval feeding was lost
many times but the re-evolution of … ) The evolution and loss of feeding larval stages of marine …