… ductal development in ovariectomized and Esr1−/− mice,63, 64 but only mice lacking Areg
have a mammary gland … of Areg is strongly induced in mammary epithelial cells by estrogen at …

… ductal tree. Although the precise mechanisms are still unclear, our understanding of branching
in the mammary gland … , or corrupted during the development and progression of cancer. …

… As we will discuss in this review, the development of the mammary ductal tree presents
fascinating and challenging problems to the developmental biologist. Beyond this, there is a true …

… In addition, mice deficient in the epidermal growth factor receptor, a key mediator of estrogen
action during puberty, also appear to initiate mammary sprouting and ductal development, …

… synthesis to maintain pregnancies and execute mammary ductal development. Wild-type
pituitary isografts al., 1999). Similarly, ectopic expression of PTHrP in the epidermis causes the …

… Whereas the effects of E have garnered widespread attention for their ability to recapitulate
ovariectomy-ablated ductal development, limited attention has been given to the ability of P …

… Development of the mammary glands is initiated in the embryo but the major part of their
development … chymal receptor is required for ductal development but its absence does not affect …

… Transplanted progesterone receptor knockout mammary glands show an absence of ductal
side branching (15), and progesterone levels are reduced in PRL-I- and PRLR-ianimals (30)…

… In males, mammary glands are present as a rudimentary … of mammary gland development
from prenatal to lactation. … for the ductal development of the virgin mammary gland [368]…

… developing organs suggests other regulatory functions as well. Interestingly, a potential
role in the adult mammary gland … (4) on ductal patterning and alveolar development. This …