… that marine scientists and custodians of the marine environment can … climate change,
setting it in context with historical change, considers consequences of climate change for marine …

… marine ecosystems. Here, we review evidence for the responses of marine life to recent climate
change … We consider observed changes in calcification rates, demography, abundance, …

… Here, we review marine climate change experiments (hereafter MCCEs) from the first …
strengthen the mechanistic understanding of how climate change will affect marine organisms. …

… (molecular, cellular, whole-organism, population and community), that will determine the
response of marine organisms to future climate change. The arrow on the left represents the …

… reduce calcification rates and impact physiological processes in some marine organisms
9,10 . Given these findings, we expect marine organisms to have responded to recent climate …

… , and reduced immune-competence of marine organisms, are as a result of thermal stress
due to climate change. Also, the periodic changes in temperature above or below the optimum …

… Climate change effects on marine ecosystems are investigated by marine researchers
from various, apparently disconnected angles. Empirical studies have repeatedly elaborated …

… the fate of marine organisms and their larvae in a climate changed future ocean continues to
be … in sensitivity of marine organisms to ocean acidification concerns those organisms which …

… While many marine organisms have adapted to thermal fluctuations in the last few million …
-day extinction of a marine species definitively linked to climate change, climatically driven …

… Below, we examine in more detail these and other effects of climate change on marine
organisms and ecosystems that appear particularly susceptible to the diverse effects of a warming …