Mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mROS) are routinely produced at several sites within
the organelle. The balance in their formation and elimination is maintained by a complex
and robust antioxidant system. mROS may act as second messengers and regulate a
number of physiological processes, such as insulin signaling, cell differentiation and
proliferation, wound healing, etc. Nevertheless, when a sudden or sustained increase in
ROS formation is not efficiently neutralized by the endogenous antioxidant defense system …