… result of indirect mechanisms, such as neurotoxins released by HIV-infected and uninfected
cells. One such neurotoxin released by infected cells is the transactivator of the virus, HIV tat. …

… Specifically, data show that Tat causes dose-and time-… Additionally, while Tat is well known
to elicit the release of … that Tat-induced cytokine and chemokine release depends in large part …

… HIVvulnerable brain regions are linked in part to the excitotoxic and neurotoxic effects of Tat
and other toxic HIV… It is unclear why these brain regions seem to be affected by HIV at earlier …

… In this study, we showed that neurotoxic factors other than Tat protein itself were present in …
Tat-expressing astrocytes. We confirmed that Tat expression and infection of pseudotyped HIV…

… It was reported recently that the HIV envelope glycoprotein manifests neurotoxic activity by
increasing free Ca2+ in rat neurons, thus causing cellular damage (4, 7). This effect can be …

… and Tat involvement in basal ganglia damage by HIV. Much work has been done studying
the neurotoxic effects of gp 120 and Tat … However, other studies of Tat injection into the brain …

… This review has been focused on Tat protein of HIV for several reasons. Tat is the first protein
… Besides direct neurotoxicity, Tat can also cause neurotoxicity by the release of neurotoxic …

… HIV-proteins, the transactivator Tat and the viral coat protein gp120, play pivotal and
complimentary roles in the induction of neuronal apoptosis. Both Tat … that Tat could be a neurotoxic …

… Two HIV-1 proteins, the envelope glycoprotein gp120 and nonstructural protein Tat, are
neurotoxic. We have determined the neuroexcitatory properties of HIV-1 tat protein using patch-…

… polymorphisms in Tat can have significant effects on the neurotoxic potential as well as
transactivating activity of the protein. We and others have described the neurotoxic effects of Tat, …