… despite their intermittent smoking pattern and low … nicotine from smoking, and that their
nicotine intake for each cigarette is similar to that of DS, suggests that providing them with nicotine …

… Laboratory studies used for these evaluations and also for understanding tobacco smoke
toxicology use machines to generate smoke. The goal of this review is to critically evaluate …

… Because lung cancer can take years to develop, the identification of practical biomarkers
to … reflect daily smoking patterns. Participants in this study were restricted to treatment-seeking …

… The unique pattern of nicotine metabolism by the five ethnic/racial groups of the MEC is
illustrated in Fig. 3. Japanese Americans, the majority of whom carry one or more CYP2A6 …

… Given that product design elements other than nicotine content have the potential to alter
patterns of use and levels of exposure, it was not possible to systematically vary …

… VOC biomarkers followed a similar pattern and were markedly lower in NRT-only and ECIG-…
that were analyzed for tobacco biomarkers. The rationale for using Wave 1 biomarker data, …

… (MLE) to ‘tar’ and/or nicotine, and to quantify levels of select biomarkers of tobacco or tobacco
smoke exposure in biological specimens after smokers are switched for a 5-day period to …

… study was the identification of biomarkers and biomarker patterns in body fluids, … tobacco
products, electronic cigarettes, oral tobacco and oral/dermal nicotine products used for nicotine …

… as a biomarker of individual differences in nicotine metabolism, the relationship between the
NMR and smoking … smoking phenotypes (T1), including smoking rate, nicotine withdrawal, …

… following a national nicotine reduction policy. We hypothesized that using reduced nicotine
… increases in smoking behaviors and exposure among smokers with a fast—but not slow—…