… tobacco addiction or dependence: 1) nicotine dependence, which is the disorder of maladaptive
and chronic tobacco use, and 2) nicotine … tobacco abstinence. Effects and symptoms of …

… health risks of using tobacco products and legislation … tobacco users are cigarette smokers,
and most of them are physically dependent on nicotine, the primary component of tobacco …

… significant genetic contributions to the variability of tobacco initiation (TI), while fewer … ,
or nicotine dependence (ND). As the development of ND requires regular tobacco use (RTU) …

… Many physicians find it difficult to consider tobacco use and nicotine dependence as a …
between cocaine addiction and tobacco dependence. Nicotine affects mood and performance, …

… This article describes the development and predictors of DSM-IV nicotine dependence in
adolescence when tobacco use is initiated. In a two-stage design, a survey was administered …

… can occur, but acknowledges that “how quickly dependence develops is … nicotine dependence
does not allow for the possibility that dependence might start before “prolonged heavy use…

… of Nicotine Dependence in Youth study by using diagnostic criteria for tobacco dependence
and a biochemical measure of nicotine … The first study found that symptoms of dependence …

… To examine the association between nicotine dependence and tobacco use patterns, 18 …
current use of each product, exclusive use of each product, frequent use of each product (use of …

… abstinence rates among cancer patients receiving a tobacco cessation intervention. …
tobacco abstinence rate among lung cancer patients treated clinically for nicotine dependence as …

… product category, we examined outcomes of ever use, current use and nicotine dependence…
these tobacco products. Current use outcomes included daily use (use of a tobacco product …