… This paper presents a comparative study of normal inspection, combined fluorescence …
ALA)-induced protoporphyrin IX (PPIX) fluorescence. Biopsy-controlled fluorescence imaging and …

… more normalized or non-normalized PpIX fluorescence than normal skin, it was considered
to … method of visual inspection and palpation with normalized fluorescence detection method. …

… diagnosis has been performed by a gross inspection of red fluorescence of PpIX in RGB
image.13, 14 Therefore, autofluorescence caused by endogenous substrates could pose an …

… The aim of this clinical study was to clinically investigate the ability of 5-ALA-induced PpIX
fluorescence to distinguish between normal and potentially malignant lesions in the oral cavity…

… and normal tissue is crucial for optimal tumor resection. Qualitative fluorescence of protoporphyrin
IX (PpIX… detection relies on visual white light inspection, preoperative image guidance, …

… methods 22 to improve its clinical feasibility for oral cancer detection via wide-area inspection.
… agent) to the oral mucosa, cancer cells accumulate PpIX faster than normal tissue. The …

… Visual inspection of the fluorescence seems inaccurate in comparison to optic techniques …
white light xenon or halogen lamps for illuminating normal microanatomy, and on demand (ii) …

… physicians do not routinely inspect their patients for suspicious … earlier and more intense PpIX
fluorescence after topical ALA … from the normal tissues by a strong red fluorescence after 1–…

… processed estimates of PpIX are more accurate and more sensitive than inspection of visual
… Since IF PpIX and SF PpIX are normally in au, optical properties were assumed in order to …

… PPIX fluorescence was relatively weak in the normal oral mucosa during the first 15 min of
ALA-incubation period with the confocal ALA fluorescence images … study of normal inspection, …