… These vicious cycles generate an uncontrolled pathogenesis conndition that drives the
progressive degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in Parkinson's disease. ROS, reactive …

… We suggest that ‘multiple hits’ that combine toxic stress, for example, from dopamine …
selective neuronal death. We discuss the properties of substantia nigra dopamine neurons that …

… symptoms of Parkinson's disease (PD) are caused by the death of dopaminergic neurons in
… recently it was unclear why SNc dopaminergic neurons should be particularly vulnerable to …

… with neurons or reactive glia, and we therefore addressed this issue by determining if raised
iron was present in single dopaminergic neurons. … substantia nigra dopaminergic neurons. …

… In summary, transplants of embryonic dopamine neurons survive in the putamen of patients
with Parkinson's disease, regardless of age. Transplantation had some benefits in patients …

… The dopamine neurons generated by these stem cells show … of neurons from the midbrain.
Our results encourage the use of ES cells in cell-replacement therapy for Parkinson's disease. …

… degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in Parkinson disease (… its activation, in melanized
neurons in the mesencephalon of … In PD patients, the proportion of dopaminergic neurons with …

… dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra 17,18 nor the deposition of α-synuclein in
neurons is specific for Parkinson disease, … Parkinson disease when applied together (Fig. 2). …

… Enzymatic and non-enzymatic oxidation of dopamine generates reactive oxygen species,
which induces apoptotic cell death in dopamine neurons. Parkinson’s disease (PD) is also …

… such as spinal motoneurons 1 or midbrain dopamine (DA) neurons 2 has been achieved. …
DA neurons have shown efficacy in models of Parkinson’s disease 3 , 4 , DA neurons from …