… In this paper we review some ofthe many methods available to study phenotypic integration
and modularity, illustrating their similarities and differences with a 3D morphometic dataset …

… However, studies addressing how morphological integration and modularity change for …
patterns of phenotypic integration and modularity in the skull of phenotypically and genetically …

… Phenotypic integration and modularity have … trait integration can influence both the trajectory
and magnitude of response to selection. We further demonstrate that phenotypic integration …

… The tetrapod skull has been one of the most common structures used to studying
phenotypic modularity. Most analyses have focused on testing simple or single hypotheses of …

Morphological integration and modularity have become central concepts in evolutionary
biology and geometric morphometrics. This review summarizes the most frequently used …

… integration of modules. The objective of this paper is to propose a new modular concept of
phenotypic … Throughout we will focus on morphological responses at the modular level, but …

… How can phenotypic integration and modularity be … on patterns of floral integration and
modularity and explores the … in positional variation in patterns of morphological integration. …

… In summary, it is argued that our understanding of the evolution of phenotypic integration
will … to phenotype map, and consider how selection acts on complex functional phenotypes. …

… to evolvability (Wagner & Altenberg, 1996): “By modularity we mean a genotype–phenotype
map in which there are few pleiotropic effects among characters serving different functions.” …

… studies of phenotypic integration is to distill modular units of selection from the complex
patterns of trait interactions constituting the organism -- in other words, to identify local …