… fossil record in particular are central to our understanding of phenotypic integration and
modularity … important perspective on phenotypic integration provided by the fossil record with a …

… Phenotypic integration and modularity have been hypothesized to shape morphological … ,
evolution, which, unlike molecular approaches, can incorporate data from the deep fossil record…

… This work also indicates that while a modular system has the … disparate phenotypes as
compared to an integrated one that … integration across extant flatfishes, the fossil record suggests …

… starting in the fossil record, particularly the record of extant … the broad range of extinct
phenotypes. Analyses in multivariate … Weakening of integration and/or strengthening of modularity …

… = 352), fossil non-avian dinosaurs (n = 27), and modern and fossil mesoeucrocodylians (n =
… common structures used to studying phenotypic modularity. Most analyses have focused on …

Morphological integration and modularity have become central concepts in evolutionary
biology and geometric morphometrics. This review summarizes the most frequently used …

… Whether a structure is integrated or modular at a particular level of integration depends on
… Phenotypic integration: studying the ecology and evolution of complex phenotypes (eds , …

… The fossil record of phenotypic integration and modularity: a deep-time perspective on
developmental and evolutionary dynamics. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences …

… the fossil record of fish … fossil record provides a phylogenetic and temporal framework for
patterns and processes such as heterochronic shifts, phenotypic and developmental modularity, …

… More importantly, identifying phenotypic modules in both fossil and recent species may …
methods available to study phenotypic integration and modularity, illustrating their similarities …