… sudden interruptions that randomly change the photon's propagation direction. The length …
path, or random-walk step, of the migrating photons. In our experiments, about 1015 photons …

Two-photon absorption (2PA) spectroscopy provides … relative to one-photon absorption (1PA)
spectroscopy. However, … This paper examines the 2PA spectroscopy of trans-stilbene, cis-…

… Finally, the transport mean free path, l * , is the average distance that a photon travels before
its propagation direction is completely randomized by a series of scattering events. Its value …

… pathlength’ of photons in a scattering medium utilizing the spectral absorption features of
water… phantoms comparing the differential path estimates yielded by water absorption and time-…

… difference between the two energy levels is equal to the photon energy, namely E = h . In
this … problems as in situ open path measurements: namely, absorption due to ambient H2O …

… tissue absorption. The first effect of scattering interactions is the increase in the optical path
length of photons … low absorption. Thus, optical techniques with sensitivity down to the single …

… In order to more fully understand the quantum interference among the different transition
pathways, we sought a complete description of the wave mechanics of the transitions and …

… The underlying challenge in developing absolute, quantitative absorption spectroscopy in …
multiply-scattered photon paths, a light absorbing object does not affect photons emitted by S …

… , where two ω 1 photons are absorbed in resonance with a … ω 1 and ω 2 photons are absorbed
in resonance with an ω 1 +ω … −3 ) and d is the optical path length of a sample cell (1 mm). …

… spectroscopic measurements to be made with a room-temperature quantum-cascade
distributed-feedback laser. Using wavelength modulation spectroscopy, … N 2 in a 1-m path length. …