… defensive constituents of a plant on account of insect attack develop unpredictability in the
plant environment for insect herbivores, … the fitness and behavior of the herbivores.Citation 5 , …

… plant defense against insect herbivory above ground, with parallels to below ground herbivory
… roles as signaling molecules in plant defense, particularly against insect herbivores [107]. …

… In a previous article, we have reviewed inducible direct plant defenses (Chen, 2008). In this
… on indirect plant defense against insect herbivores, including elicitors, plant hormones, plant …

… plants by themselves. Overall categories of direct plant defenses against insect herbivores
… physical structures, and inhibiting chemical pathways of the attacking insect. Major known …

… Insect herbivores have been … related plant taxa, often a single genus, herbivores are
considered monophagous (or highly specialized). Insect herbivores that feed on several plant …

… -sucking, and root insect herbivores. We show how within-plant distribution modulates the
exposure of different herbivore feeding guilds to these defenses, and how benzoxazinoids …

… Relatively little is known about the signal transduction pathways that connect insect-specific
elicitors to the plant defense responses they evoke. The calcium ion (Ca 2+ ) has been …

… By the 1950s, entomologists began to recognize the supreme importance of these
metabolites in shaping insect herbivore communities. Plant defense theories arose to address …

… the plant defensive traits against insect herbivory. It is equally important to understand the
adaptations by insect pests to these defensive … the plant defence traits against insect herbivory, …

… The range of mechanisms of toxicity shown by different plant defensive compounds is
very wide, and includes membrane disruption, inhibition of transport or signal transduction, …