… of a plant on account of insect attack develop unpredictability in the plant environment for
insect herbivores, which in turn, affects the fitness and behavior of the herbivores.Citation 5 , …

… of the herbivores. Meanwhile, herbivorous insects have adapted to resist plant defenses,
and in some cases even sequester the compounds and reuse them in their own defense. …

… In a previous article, we have reviewed inducible direct plant defenses (Chen, 2008). In this
… on indirect plant defense against insect herbivores, including elicitors, plant hormones, plant …

… Relatively little is known about the signal transduction pathways that connect insect-specific
elicitors to the plant defense responses they evoke. The calcium ion (Ca 2+ ) has been …

… closely related plant taxa, often a single genus, herbivores are … Insect herbivores that feed
on several plant species, usually within … of insect tolerance and detoxification of plant defense [ …

… -sucking, and root insect herbivores. We show how within-plant distribution modulates the
exposure of different herbivore feeding guilds to these defenses, and how benzoxazinoids …

… plants by themselves. Overall categories of direct plant defenses against insect herbivores
… physical structures, and inhibiting chemical pathways of the attacking insect. Major known …

… By the 1950s, entomologists began to recognize the supreme importance of these
metabolites in shaping insect herbivore communities. Plant defense theories arose to address …

… insects. Volatile phytochemicals can serve as airborne semiochemicals, promoting or deterring
interactions between plants and insect herbivores… and other plant defense responses are …

… plant defenses against herbivores. We discuss their often-disregarded modes of action as
well as the arms race between plants and herbivores. … of herbivore-induced chemical defense …