… In this paper I address the effect of predation risk from snakes on the behavior of two
sympatric kangaroo rats. This is the first study, as far as I know, in which predators were …

… kangaroo rats are able to discriminate predation risk. They decrease foraging and increase
vigilance in the presence of live snakes … to communicate to the snake its chances of ambush …

… predation risk or to escape capture is unknown. We therefore compared anti-predator behavior
of two sympatric species of kangaroo rat of … gopher snakes, and the kangaroo rats did not …

… For each encounter (all instances where kangaroo rats came within 30 cm of snakes), we
recorded whether the snake attempted to strike the kangaroo rat and the time of day for any …

… Here, we examine how the anti-snake signals of the desert kangaroo rat (Dipodomys
deserti) influence the ambush hunting behaviors of sidewinder rattlesnakes (Crotalus cerastes). …

… Although cooling snakes undoubtedly affected their behavior, snakes in this study … kangaroo
rat temperature. When returning to the bait station, the kangaroo rat discovered the snake …

… After predator exposure, we recorded kangaroo rats evading simulated attacks, and the …
the kangaroo rat had interacted with the snake and left the area, we removed the snake and …

… Footdrumming deters pursuit by informing die snake that die rat is alert and the chances
of predation are low. We find little evidence that footdrumming startles, confuses, or harasses …

… Only once was a blind animal struck by the snake; the snake pursued the kangaroo rat
while it was leaping away af ter an encounter, and struck it a glancing blow which knocked the …

… snakes directed toward kangaroo rats; however, snakes never struck towards kangaroo rats
that had performed any predator-… signals; all snake strikes occurred prior to any kangaroo rat …