… exit if price is below the minimum of its average avoidable cost (AAC), where ‘avoidable costs’
… (As the time to exit expands, presumably more and more costs become avoidable by exit …

… costs difficult.Before discussing variable/avoidable costs and their relationship to predatory
pricing… attempted to define variable or avoidable costs in the predatory pricing context. This is …

… forgone due to charging a predatory price, presumably the opportunity cost of any resources
… where the alleged predation took place would be included in avoidable cost. This problem …

… costs, it is presumed that the undertaking is engaging in predatory pricing. In certain …
proposes to rely on long-run average incremental costs instead of average avoidable costs. …

… Post-Chicago theories of predatory pricing are based on … rule of reason for identifying predatory
pricing based largely on finance … avoidable cost, proposed by Baumol, over the predation …

… to predatory pricing, error costs include the costs of false negatives or type II errors (allowing
anticompetitive predatory pricing) and the costs … average avoidable costs (AAC) as the price …

… price smaller than average variable/avoidable costs, the presumption of predatory pricing
and … However, in case undertaking sets prices higher than average variable/avoidable costs, …

… , I conclude that (1) any individual price that is not below average avoidable cost cannot be
… I will suggest that the cost tests of predatory pricing have generally been interpreted to direct …

… of avoidable cost is the cost of aircraft ownership. If an airline leases another plane in order
to add capacity, the avoidable nature of this cost … route, it incurs the opportunity cost of lost net …

… By introducing an avoidable fixed cost into our model, we demonstrate how a … for predatory
pricing. Specifically, we amend our model by assuming that firms incur a positive fixed cost …