… , critical evaluation of studies on androgen axis that is functional in advanced prostate cancer
(Fig. 2) implies that there should be a differentiated approach in prostate cancer therapy. …

… We report that tissue androgens are present in recurrent prostate cancer at levels sufficient
for androgen receptor activation. We suggest a paradigm change; prostate cancer that recurs …

… prostate cancer (PCa) since the 1940s has been androgen … or medical castration) to suppress
androgen receptor (AR) … these cancers that relapse despite castrate levels of androgens (…

… Many studies have found that AR is present in both initially diagnosed prostate cancer cells
… that the androgen axis is still functional despite low circulating levels of serum androgens. …

… In prostate tumors expressing AR, resistance to hormonal … androgen, or intracrine mechanisms
3 . Although many mCRPC appear to rely on AR activity, even when the androgen axis is …

… Animal studies suggest that the GI microbiota may also be affected by circulating androgen
… formulations of androgen axis-targeted drugs, used in the treatment of prostate cancer may …

… androgen axis occurs due to adaptive intratumoral androgen biosynthesis which can be
driven by adrenal androgens and/or by changes in the androgen … target the androgen axis and …

… It is hoped that continuing research on AR expression and function in prostate cancer will …
the molecular endocrinology of prostate cancer. The pivotal role of the androgen receptor (AR) …

… Many therapeutic options are now available for men with metastatic castration-resistant
prostate cancer (mCRPC), including next-generation androgen receptor axis-targeted therapies (…

… AR axis-targeting approach, they could move us closer to our goal of a completely androgen-free
prostate cancer … inhibition of the AR axis to augment prostate cancer cell apoptosis and …