… cellular responses to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is the activation of the unfolded protein
response (… In spite of this, our knowledge of the molecular mechanisms that regulate cell …

… changes in protein production or … in protein molecules in the cell. Thus, the proteome is
regulated by transcriptional induction for newly activated cellular functions and by protein life-…

… load of proteins deposited into the ER varies between cell types and during the life of a cell.
… Figure 1 The three branches of the metazoan unfolded protein response (UPR). The three …

… cell stress response, the unfolded protein response, which is aimed initially at compensating
for damage but can eventually trigger cell … The mechanisms by which ER stress leads to cell …

… protein response mediate an increase in chaperone protein activity which enhances the protein
folding capacity of the cell, … by increasing the protein folding capacity and prolonging life. …

… function, in particular the unfolded protein response (UPR) in the endoplasmic reticulum, …
redox-regulatory proteins that are universally conserved in all cellular life forms (Table 1). …

… When misfolded proteins accumulate above a critical threshold, this sets in motion a signal
transduction pathway called the unfolded protein response (UPR) within the cell to restore …

… functions to maintain cellular homeostasis. A growing body of new work suggests that the
unfolded protein response (UPR), traditionally charged with signaling protein misfolding stress …

… arms of the unfolded protein response (UPR) in response to … proteins PKR-like ER kinase
(PERK), IRE1α, and ATF6α. These sensors drive specific, coordinated and common responses …

… protein degradation. From an unregulated, non‐specific terminal scavenger process, it has
become clear that proteolysis of cellular proteins … broad array of basic cellular processes. It is …