… Raf-1 and B-Raf, through direct phosphorylation (Guan et al., 2000; Rommel et al., 1999;
Zimmermann and Moelling, 1999). The Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK pathway … the Raf/ MEK/ERK pathway …

… , or independently of MEK and ERK, can induce the … pathways interact with the Raf/MEK/ERK
pathway to positively or negatively regulate its activity. Abnormal activation of this pathway …

… frequency with which this pathway is deregulated in human … the various RAS–RAF–MEK–ERK
pathway components will … the RAF–MEK–ERK pathway that are currently being tested. …

… MAPK pathway has emerged as the crucial route between membrane-bound Ras and the
nucleus. The MAPK pathway … kinases, namely Raf, MEK (MAP kinase kinase), and ERK (MAP …

… potential of this pathway in human cancers. In … RAF-MEK-ERK pathway with emphasis
on its dysregulations in human cancers, as well as the efforts made to target the RAF-MEK-ERK …

… This review will discuss the regulation of the Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK pathway … Raf/MEK/ERK
pathway on the induction of cell cycle progression and the prevention of apoptosis. This pathway …

… will review the accumulating evidence for complex protein interactions in the Ras\Raf\MEK\ERK
pathway, and discuss their significance for the regulation and function of this pathway. …

… In the subsequent sections, we will discuss how the Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK pathway may be
activated by mutations as well as chemotherapeutic drugs used in leukemia therapy. …

… Several drugs targeting BRaf mutation or the Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK pathway are either in …
in development that target the Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK pathway. B-Raf ACTIVATING MUTATION …

… level of the Raf-MEK-ERK pathway the … Raf and MEK, the kinases directly upstream of ERK.
Activated Akt inhibited the phosphorylation both of Raf on Ser 338 , which is required for Raf …