… in the brain. However, there is no direct evidence of an increase in extracellular ATP levels
… The aim of the present study was to evaluate ATP outflow from the rat striatum by the …

… -induces neurotoxicity after intrastriatal administration in the rat (15) and the P2X antagonist
suramin reduces the infarct volume in a model of rat focal brain ischemia [121]. Nevertheless…

… of ecto-ATP diphosphohydrolase in rat brain and the primary … of rat tissues, the ecto-ATPase
is co-expressed with ecto-ATP … In many tissues extracellular ATP and ADP as well as other …

… to ATP in primary cultures of rat brain microglia In this study, we found that cultured microglia,
derived from rat brain, released TNF-α in response to extracellular ATP. … by 3 mM ATP. The …

… At the same time, extracellular ATP, whose concentration is known to be enhanced during …
routes of ATP metabolism in whole rat brain, by comparing the kinetics of ATP breakdown and …

… For Northern blotting, hippocampi were excised from rat brains 7 d after vessel occlusion
or sham operation. Polyadenylated RNA was isolated by using the Oligotex direct kit (Qiagen, …

… rafts isolated from rat brain, and flow cytometry analysis showed α subunits on the surface
of acutely isolated brain cells. Activity assays showed that the extracellular ATP generation of …

… From our present study, using the patch-clamp technique, we report that cultured microglial
cells obtained from mouse or rat brain respond to extracellularly applied ATP with the …

… The purpose of this study was to evaluate with ion-selective microelectrodes the changes
in intra- and extracellular calcium during periods of anoxia and ischemia in intact rat brain. …

… regions of premyelinated axons indicate that extracellular ATP can act as an activity-… ATP
from synaptic and non-synaptic regions, and a diverse family of receptors for extracellular ATP …