Substantial evidence implicates the nucleus accumbens in motivated performance, but very
little is known about the neurochemical underpinnings of individual differences in motivation …

Emerging evidence is implicating mitochondrial function and metabolism in the nucleus
accumbens in motivated performance. However, the brain is vulnerable to excessive …

Research suggests that psychostimulants can physiologically alter dopamine kinetics in the
ventral striatum (VS) and psychologically enhance mood and attention. Using event-related …

Comparative studies have implicated the nucleus accumbens (NAcc) in the anticipation of
incentives, but the relative responsiveness of this neural substrate during anticipation of …

Different accounts of nucleus accumbens (NAcc) function have emphasized its role in
representing either valence or salience during incentive anticipation. In an event-related …

Rationale We constantly need to decide not only which actions to perform, but also how
vigorously to perform them. In agreement with an earlier theoretical model, it has been …

To dissociate a choice from its antecedent neural states, motivation associated with the
expected outcome must be captured in the absence of choice. Yet, the neural mechanisms …

It is ecologically adaptive that the amount of effort invested to achieve a reward increases
the relevance of the resulting outcome. Here, we investigated the effect of effort on activity in …

Aims To use functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to investigate the neural circuitry
behind effort-related valuation and motivation in a population of alcohol-dependent …

Motivation levels vary across individuals, yet the underlying mechanisms driving these
differences remain elusive. The dorsomedial prefrontal cortex/dorsal anterior cingulate …