The ubiquity of consistent inter-individual differences in behavior (" animal personalities")[1,
2] suggests that they might play a fundamental role in driving the movements and …

Determining individual-level interactions that govern highly coordinated motion in animal
groups or cellular aggregates has been a long-standing challenge, central to understanding …

Establishing how collective behaviour emerges is central to our understanding of animal
societies. Previous research has highlighted how universal interaction rules shape collective …

How different levels of biological organization interact to shape each other's function is a
central question in biology. One particularly important topic in this context is how individuals' …

Collective animal behavior is an emergent phenomenon arising from the local interactions of
the members of animal groups. Considerable progress has been made in characterizing …

Predation is thought to shape the macroscopic properties of animal groups, making moving
groups more cohesive and coordinated. Precisely how predation has shaped individuals' …

Leadership is widespread across the animal kingdom. In self-organizing groups, such as
fish schools, theoretical models predict that effective leaders need to balance goal-oriented …

Collective decisions play a major role in the benefits that animals gain from living in groups.
Although the mechanisms of how groups collectively make decisions have been extensively …

Polarity, group velocity, and inter-individual spacing are characteristics of fish schools that
strongly affect individual school members. However, these characteristics are group-level …

In many animal groups, certain individuals consistently appear at the forefront of coordinated
movements [1–4]. How such leaders emerge is poorly understood [5, 6]. Here, we show that …