Chronic stress is a powerful modulator of emotional behaviour. Previous studies have
shown that distinct neuronal pathways modulate different emotional behaviours: while the …

The medial division of the central nucleus of the amygdala (CeAM) and the lateral division of
the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNSTL) are closely related. Both receive projections …

The effects of central administration of opioid antagonists on the aversive responses elicited
by electrical (at the freezing and escape thresholds) or chemical stimulation (crossings …

We suggest that to understand complex behaviors associated with fear and anxiety, we
need to understand brain processes at the collective, network level. But what should be the …

There have been tremendous advances in our knowledge of the neurobiological basis of
human anxiety and fear. This review seeks to highlight how specific neuronal circuits, neural …

Our understanding of the neurobiological bases of emotional responsiveness derives from 2
major classes of work. The first class represents studies interested in brain sites and …

The blockade of GABA-mediated Cl− influx with pentylenetetrazol (PTZ) was used in the
present work to induce seizures in Rattus norvegicus. The aim of this work was to study the …

Fear is an adaptive component of the acute “stress” response to potentially-dangerous
(external and internal) stimuli which threaten to perturb homeostasis. However, when …

The extended amygdala, composed by the amygdaloid nuclei and the bed nucleus of the
stria terminalis (BNST), plays a critical role in anxiety behavior. In particular, the link between …

It is widely thought that phasic and sustained responses to threat reflect dissociable circuits
centered on the central nucleus of the amygdala (Ce) and the bed nucleus of the stria …