At least eight botulinum toxins (A, B, C1, C2, D, E, F, and G) are produced by the different
types of Clostridium botulinum (H abermann and D reyer 1986). With the exception of C2 …

ADP-ribosyltransferase C3 is an exoenzyme produced by several strains of Clostridium
botulinum. It was serendipitously detected during screening for high producer strains of C …

The binary actin–ADP-ribosylating Clostridium botulinum C2 toxin consists of the enzyme
component C2I and the binding component C2II, which are separate proteins. The active …

Various strains of Clostridium botulinum type C and D produce the exoenzyme C3 (1, 2, 3)
which ADP-ribosylates the small GTP-binding proteins rho (4, 5) and rac (6). C3 is encoded …

Clostridium botulinum C3 exoenzyme (C3) selectively inactivates RhoA/B/C GTPases by
ADP-ribosylation. Based on this substrate specificity C3 is a well-established tool in cell …

C3 exoenzyme from Clostridium limosum, specifically ADP‐ribosylates and inactivates Rho
GTPases, but not or much less than Rac and Cdc42. To bypass the poor cell accessibility of …

Peripheral nerve injury triggers the activation of the small GTPase RhoA in spinal motor and
peripheral sensory neurons. C3 transferase, an exoenzyme produced by Clostridium …

Clostridium botulinum C2 toxin is a member of the family of binary actin-ADP-ribosylating
toxins. It consists of the enzyme component C2I, and the separated binding/translocation …

RhoA,-B, and-C are ADP-ribosylated by Clostridium botulinum exoenzyme C3 to induce
redistribution of the actin filaments in intact cells, a finding that has led to the notion that the …

Mono ADP-ribosylation is a common characteristic of bacterial toxins resulting to aberrant
activation or inactivation of target proteins. The C3 exoenzyme of Clostridium botulinum …