Current pesticide risk assessment practices use the honey bee, Apis mellifera L., as a
surrogate to characterize the likelihood of chemical exposure of a candidate pesticide for all …

Since the mid-2000s, increased annual losses of honey bee (Apis mellifera L.,
Hymenoptera: Apidae) colonies and declines in some species of non-Apis bees have been …

To date, regulatory pesticide risk assessments have relied on the honey bee (Apis mellifera
L.)(Hymenoptera: Apidae) as a surrogate test species for estimating the risk of pesticide …

Recent research has demonstrated colony-level sublethal effects of imidacloprid on bumble
bees affecting foraging and food consumption, and thus colony growth and reproduction, at …

Current USEPA ecological risk assessments for pesticide registration include a
determination of potential risks to bees. Toxicity data are submitted to support these …

In many countries, the western honey bee is used as surrogate in pesticide risk assessments
for bees. However, uncertainty remains in the estimation of pesticide risk to non‐Apis bees …

Honey bees (Apis mellifera) are uniquely vulnerable to nontarget pesticide impacts
because, as ubiquitous managed pollinators, they are deliberately transported into areas …

Historically, bee regulatory risk assessment for pesticides has centred on the European
honeybee (Apis mellifera), primarily due to its availability and adaptability to laboratory …

Although the importance of bees as the pollinators responsible for maintaining gene flow for
many native and cultivated plants in ecosystems around the world is recognized, much of …

Bees are essential pollinators of many crops and wild plants, and pesticide exposure is one
of the key environmental stressors affecting their health in anthropogenically modified …