A key problem in organismal biology is to explain the origins of functional diversity. In the
context of organismal biology, functional diversity describes the set of phenotypes, across …

Genotypic variation, environmental variation, and their interaction may produce variation in
the developmental process and cause phenotypic differences among individuals …

An enduring puzzle in evolutionary biology is to understand how individuals and
populations adapt to fluctuating environments. Here we present an integro-differential model …

Evolutionary biologists often use phenotypic differences between species and between
individuals to gain an understanding of organismal design. The focus of much recent …

Understanding how complex organisms function as integrated units that constantly interact
with their environment is a long-standing challenge in biology. To address this challenge …

Observed phenotype often fails to correspond with genotype. Although it is well established
that uncontrolled genetic modifier effects and environmental variability can affect phenotype …

Genetic and environmental variation are key contributors during organism development, but
the influence of minor perturbations or noise is difficult to assess. This study focuses on the …

There are fundamental physical reasons why biochemical processes might be subject to
noise and stochastic fluctuations. Indeed, it has long been understood that random …

SUMMARY A longstanding challenge for biologists has been to explain not just how
organisms are adapted to diverse environments, but how these adaptations arise. Although …

Genetic regulatory circuits are often regarded as precise machines that accurately determine
the level of expression of each protein. Most experimental technologies used to measure …