Bacterial extracellular vesicles (bEVs) are nano-sized, lipid membrane-delimited particles
filled with bacteria-derived components. They have important roles in the physiology and …

Outer membrane vesicles were first described approximately 50 years ago and for many
years were considered to be an artifact of bacterial growth. Since that initial discovery, it has …

Phospholipid vesicles play important roles in biological systems. Bacteria are one of the
most abundant organisms on Earth, and bacterial membrane vesicles (MVs) were first …

Abstract Both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria can release nano-sized lipid
bilayered structures, known as membrane vesicles (MVs). These MVs play an important role …

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are cell membrane‐derived compartments that spontaneously
secrete from a wide range of cells and tissues. EVs have shown to be the carriers in …

Cancer represents a serious concern for human life and health. Due to drug resistance and
the easy metastasis of tumors, there is urgent need to develop new cancer treatment …

Gram-negative bacteria include a number of pathogens that cause disease in humans and
animals. Although antibiotics are still effective in treating a considerable range of infections …

Outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) are non-living spherical nanostructures that derive from
the cell envelope of Gram-negative bacteria. OMVs are important in bacterial pathogenesis …

Numerous factors need to be considered to develop a nanodrug delivery system that is
biocompatible, non-toxic, easy to synthesize, cost-effective, and feasible for scale up over …

Gram-negative bacteria shed extracellular outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) during their
normal growth both in vitro and in vivo. OMVs are spherical, bilayered membrane …