Teratocarcinoma cells provide us with a model system for the study of differentiation and
development1–3. One of the best characterized cell lines, the embryonal carcinoma stem …

It has recently been reported that c-myc is an inducible gene, regulated directly by growth
signals which promote proliferation and expressed in a cell-cycle dependent manner1 …

Abstract ANALYSIS of early mammalian development is complicated by technical difficulties.
The initial processes of cellular determination and differentiation in the mouse embryo take …

THE tumour suppressor p53 is required to induce programmed cell death (apoptosis) by
DNA-damaging agents1, 2. As p53 is a transcriptional activator3 that mediates gene …

Before quiescent cells can respond to mitogens and progress through the G1 phase of cell
growth, new messenger RNA synthesis is required1. The G1 phase seems to be a critical …

NORMALLY growing cells promptly cease DNA synthesis when exposed to genotoxic
stresses, such as radiation, and this cell-cycle arrest prevents the accumulation of …

THE p53 tumour suppressor gene is the most widely mutated gene in human
tumorigenesis1, 2. p53 encodes a transcriptional activator3–7 whose targets may include …

TUMOUR progression is a fundamental feature of the biology of cancer1. Cancers do not
arise de novo in their final form, but begin as small, indolent growths, which gradually …

THE p53 protein is an important determinant in human cancer and regulates the growth of
cells in culture1–3. It is known to be a sequence-specific DNA-binding protein4, 5 with a …

Tumorigenesis is a multi-step process that requires activation of oncogenes and inactivation
of tumour suppressor genes. Mouse models of human cancers have recently demonstrated …